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PAF released from?
(phospholipid) other pro–inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial cells, PMN, eosinophils, platelets and mast cells
leukotrienes _______ airway response to bronchoconstrictors, ______ cytokine release
ENHANCE (leuk like histamine), stimulate
thromboxanes (A2)
vasoCONSTRICTION, mainly from platelets, smooth muscle constriction
INHIBITORY PGE2?
HLM– decrease: Lysosomal enzyme release, histamine release (H2 receptors), macrophage activation and secretion of some cytokines
PGE2 (from macrophage) inflammatory fxns?
fever (SYSTEMIC), vasoDILATE arterioles, relax VSM
PGD2 do?
from mast cells, bronchoCONSTRICTION
PGI2 do?
vasodilate and inhibit platelets and brochoDILATE
COX–2 inhibition is more selective for blocking _____ than thromboxanes.
prostacyclins
Cox–2 is induced by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and in macrophages by ______ in response to stress?
cytokines, PGI2 mainly through COX–2
Which Cox plays a key role in gastric mucosal protection and renal hemodynamics?
cox–1, platelets contain mainly cox–1
H1 do to smooth muscle?
contracts it
pathway creates prostaglandins?
cyclooxygenase